Legal environment

 

  In a world-wide survey conducted by Business Software Alliance this year,

  Australia was found to have a very low piracy rate (33%), in contrast to some

  of the highest piracy rates seen in Vietnam (97%) and China (94%). The

  reason for such a low piracy rate is because of the active role that the

  Australian government is undertaking to ensure the enforcement of a

  predictable and balanced legal environment.

 

  Establishing the environment

  The Commonwealth government is demonstrating political leadership

  through a number of initiatives ensuring a balanced and predictable

  legal and regulatory environment to encourage the use of e-commerce.

  Australia is a member of the World Intellectual Property Organization

  (WIPO) and most multilateral IPR agreements, including the Paris

  Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Universal

  Copyright Convention; the Geneva Program Convention, Patent

  Cooperation Treaty etc. These initiatives are aimed at building the

  confidence of business and consumers that online commerce is

  authentic, private, secure, and legally sound. In addition, Australia is

  represented on a number  of international for to ensure that interests

  are protected in the development of e-commerce.

 

  Intellectual Property and Copyright Protection

  The Intellectual Property Branch in the Department of Communications,

  Information has responsibility for a diverse range of policy issues relating to

  intellectual property,   its management and protection. The Branch has responsibility,

  jointly with the Attorney-General's Department, for copyright policy matters

  relating to the Copyright Act 1968 and advises on the Government's copyright

  reform agenda. 

 

  Trade marks and internet domain names

  Domain names which originally served as user-friendly addresses to reach

  internet sites are increasingly used as unique and distinctive means to provide

  gateway to reach internet sites. This leads to conflicts between trade marks and

  domain names. Many problems like Cyber squatting (registration of trademarks,

  as domain names in the hope to sell then to the trade mark owner) and reverse

  hijacking (trade mark owners using the legal system to challenge bona fide

  domain name registrations) has crept up. This raises many challenges for traditional

  law of trade marks, and causes potential problems for Australian trade mark

  holders doing business through the Internet. Australian trade marks, distinctive

  terms and well known names (such as Telstra) are dealt with under the Domain

  Name Dispute Resolution Service administered by the WIPO within the

  framework established by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names

  and Numbers). ICANN is a non-profit corporation formed to assume

  responsibility for IP addresses space allocation, protocol parameter assignment,

  domain name system management etc.

 

  Digital Signature Laws

  The Electronic Transactions Act was established in 1999, to create a regulatory

  regime for using   electronic communications in transactions. The Act facilitates

  electronic commerce in Australia by removing existing legal impediments that

  may prevent a person using electronic communications to satisfy legal

  obligations under Commonwealth law.

  Section 10 of the Act deals with Digital Signature Laws. It allows a person to

  satisfy a legal requirement for a manual signature by using an electronic

  communication that contains a method that identifies the person and indicates

  their approval of the information communicated. The legislation provides

  flexibility for people and businesses to determine the signature technology

  that is appropriate to their particular needs. The method need not be a unique

  identifier. Rather it must identify that person sufficiently for the purposes of

  the communication. The Act does not endorse a particular electronic signature

  technology. The purpose of the legislation is to remove existing legal obstacles

  that prevented Australians from conducting electronic transactions with any

  degree of confidence as to their status.