William M. LeoGrande, Dean
School of Public Affairs
American University
Washington, DC 20061
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
BOOKS
Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1993. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. [Contents and ordering information]
Political Parties in Central America. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1992. Coeditor with Louis Goodman and Johanna Mendelson. [Contents and chapter]
The Cuba Reader: The Making of a Revolutionary Society. New York: Grove Press, 1988. Coeditor with Philip Brenner, Daniel Siegel, and Donna Rich. [Contents]
Confronting Revolution: Security Through Diplomacy in Central America. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. Coeditor with Morris Blachman and Kenneth Sharpe. [Contents and chapters]
MONOGRAPHS
The Cuban Communist Party and Electoral Politics: Adaptation, Succession and Transition. Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, University of Miami, 2002.
Certifying Mexico in the War on Drugs, Case 234. Pew Case Study Program, Georgetown University, 2001. Coauthored with Jules Boykoff. [Ordering information]
The United States and Cuba After the Cold War: The 1994 Refugee Crisis. Pew Case Study Program, Georgetown University, 1995. [Ordering information]
Uneasy Allies: The Press and the Government During the Cuban Missile Crisis. Occasional Paper No. 3, Center for War, Peace and the News Media, New York University, 1987.
Central America and the Polls. Washington, DC: Washington Office on Latin America, 1987, 55 pp. First version published under the title Public Opinion on Central America. Washington, DC: U.S. Senate Democratic Policy Committee, 1983.
Cuba's Policy in Africa, 1959-1980. Policy Papers in International Affairs, No. 13. Berkeley: University of California, 1980.
ARTICLES IN PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS
“Tug of War: How Real Is the Rivalry Between Congress and the President Over Foreign Policy?” Congress and the Presidency 29, no. 2 (August 2002): 113-118.
“Cuba’s Quest for Economic Independence,” Journal of Latin American Studies 34 (2002): 325-363. Coauthored with Julie Thomas.
“América Central: Una década de democracia,” (Central America: A Decade of Democracy) Foreign Affairs en Español 1, no. 2 (summer 2001): 3-10. [English version]
“One War or Two? Drugs, Guerrillas, and Colombia’s New Violencia,” World Policy Journal 17 no. 3 (October 2000):1-11. Coauthored with Kenneth E. Sharpe.
“From Havana to Miami: U.S.-Cuban Relations as a Two-Level Game,” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40, no. 1 (1998): 67-86.
“Did the Prestige Press Miss the Nicaraguan Drug Story?” Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 2, no. 4 (Fall 1997): 10-31.
“Enemies Evermore: U.S. Policy Toward Cuba After Helms-Burton,” Journal of Latin American Studies 29 (January 1997): 211-221.
"Using Presidential Election Returns as a Proxy for Constituency Ideology,” American Politics Quarterly 25, no. 1 (January 1997): 3-18. Coauthored with Alana S. Jeydel.
"Making the Economy Scream: U.S. Economic Sanctions Against Nicaragua," Third World Quarterly 17, No. 2 (1996): 329-348.
"Friends in Need: The Role of the United States in Central America," Harvard International Review 17, No. 2 (Spring 1995): 22-25.
"The House Divided: Ideological Polarization Over Aid to the Nicaraguan Contras,” Legislative Studies Quarterly 18, no. 1 (February 1993): 105-136. Coauthored with Philip Brenner.
"From Reagan to Bush: The Transition in U.S. Policy Toward Central America," Journal of Latin American Studies 22, No. 3 (October 1990): 595-621.
"Gorbachev's USSR: At Home and Abroad," American Political Science Review 84, no. 4 (December 1990): 1346-1347 (special section that includes my review essay on Soviet policy in Latin America).
"After the Battle of San Salvador," World Policy Journal 7, No. 2 (Spring 1990): 331-356. Reprinted in Understanding the Central American Crisis, eds. Kenneth M. Coleman and George C. Herring (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1991): 111-138.
"El Salvador After Duarte: An Interview with Ruben Zamora," World Policy Journal 5, No. 4 (Fall 1988): 703-724.
"Rollback or Containment: Nicaragua, the United States, and the Search For Peace," International Security 11, no. 2 (Fall 1986): 89-120. Reprinted in Contadora and the Diplomacy of Peace in Central America, ed. Bruce Bagley (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987): 83-112.
"Through the Looking Glass: The Kissinger Report on Central America," World Policy Journal 1, No. 2 (Winter 1984): 251-284
"L'Impasse Salvadorienne," Politique Internationale (Paris, France), No. 20 (1983): 51-64.
"The Party in Uniform: Toward A Theory of Civil-Military Relations in Communist Systems," American Political Science Review 76, no. 4 (December 1982): 778-789. Coauthored with Amos Perlmutter.
"Cuba Policy Recycled," Foreign Policy, No. 46 (Spring 1982):105-119. Reprinted in From Gunboats to Diplomacy, ed. Richard Newfarmer (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983): 135-146.
"A Splendid Little War: Drawing the Line in El Salvador," International Security 6, No. 1 (Summer 1981):27-52. Reprinted in El Salvador: Central America in the New Cold War, eds. Marvin Gettleman et al. (New York: Grove, 1981): 360-379; in Revolution in Central America, eds. John Althoff et al. (Boulder: Westview, 1983): 98-115; and in Congressional Record, September 24, 1981.
"Una nota critica sobre la politica exterior de Ronald Reagan," Cuadernos Semestrales (CIDE, Mexico City), No. 9 (1981): 141-156.
"Two Decades of Cuban Socialism," Latin American Research Review 16, No. 1 (1981): 187-207 (review essay).
"The Cuban Communist Party Since the First Congress," Journal of Latin American Studies 12, No. 2 (November 1980): 397-419. Reprinted in Communist Politics: A Reader, ed. Stephen White and Daniel Nelson (New York: NYU Press, 1986): 173-191.
"Oligarchs and Officers: The Crisis in El Salvador," Foreign Affairs, Summer 1980: 1084-1103. Coauthored with Carla Anne Robbins. Reprinted in Democracy and Dictatorship in Latin America, ed. Thomas Draper (New York: H. W. Wilson, 1981): 51-74, and in Analisis, no. 157 (Caracas, Venezuela, August 15, 1980): 1-7. Updated and reprinted in The Politics of Antipolitics: The Military in Latin America, eds. Brian Loveman and Thomas M. Davies (Lincoln: Nebraska University Press, 1989), pp. 480-500.
"Cuba and Nicaragua: From the Somozas to the Sandinistas," Caribbean Review 9, No. l (Winter 1980): 11-14. Reprinted in The New Cuban Presence in the Caribbean, ed. Barry B. Levine (Boulder: Westview, 1983): 43-58.
"The Evolution of Nonalignment," Problems of Communism, January-February, 1980: 35-52.
"Cuban-Soviet Relations and Cuban Policy in Africa," Cuban Studies 10, No. 1 (January 1980): 1-34. Reprinted in Cuba in Africa, ed. Carmelo Mesa-Lago and June Belkin (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982): 13-49.
"The Revolution in Nicaragua," Foreign Affairs, Fall 1979: 28-50. Reprinted in Revolution in Central America, eds. John Althoff et al. (Boulder: Westview, 1983): 82-90; and in Congressional Record, January 29, 1980.
"Party Development in Revolutionary Cuba," Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 21, No. 4 (November 1979): 457-480. Initial version printed as monograph The Development of the Party System in Revolutionary Cuba. Erie, PA: Northwestern Pennsylvania Institute for Latin American Studies, 1977.
"The Theory and Practice of Socialist Democracy in Cuba," Studies in Comparative Communism 12, No. 1 (Spring 1979): 39-62.
"Cuban Dependency: A Comparison of Pre-Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary International Economic Relations," Cuban Studies 9, No. 2 (July 1979): 1-28. Initial version printed as monograph Cuban Dependency. Buffalo, NY: Council on International Affairs, State University of New York, 1978.
"The Politics of Revolutionary Development: Cuban Civil-Military Relations," Journal of Strategic Studies 1, No. 3 (December 1978): 260-294.
"Cuba: Party Control and Political Socialization," Studies in Comparative Communism 11, No. 3 (Autumn 1978):278-291.
"Continuity and Change in The Cuban Political Elite," Cuban Studies 8, No. 2 (July 1978): 1-31.
"Cuba's Maturing Revolution," Problems of Communism, May-June 1978: 82-86 (review essay).
CHAPTERS IN BOOKS:
“Cuba: The Shape of Things to Come,” and “Conclusion: Cuba’s Dilemma and Ours,” in Susan Kaufman Purcell and David Rothkopf (eds.). Cuba: Contours of Change (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000), pp. 1-12, 127-132.
"Foreign Aid to Central America," in The Global Crisis in Foreign Aid, ed. Richard Grant and Jan Nijman (University of Florida Press, 1997), pp. 103-112.
“Nicaragua: National Reconciliation and the Impatience of U.S. Policy,” in C. Richard Nelson and Kenneth Weisbrode (eds.), Reversing Relations with Former Adversaries: U.S. Foreign Policy After the Cold War (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1997), pp. 66-87.
"The Boland Amendment," and "The Cold War," in The Encyclopedia of the United States Congress, ed. Donald C. Bacon, Roger H. Davidson, and Morton Keller (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995).
"The Controversy Over Contra Aid: An Historical Narrative," and "Did the Public Matter?" chapters in Public Opinion in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Controversy Over Contra Aid, ed. Richard Sobel (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1994), pp. 29-48 and 167-190.
"Political Parties and Post-Revolutionary Politics in Nicaragua," in Political Parties and Democracy in Central America, ed. Louis W. Goodman, William M. LeoGrande, and Johanna Mendelson Foreman (Boulder: Westview, 1992), pp. 187-202.
"The Hemispheric Security Interests of the United States in the New World Order," in Proceedings of the Latin American Strategy Development Workshop Series, ed. Samuel J. Watson (Washington, DC: National Defense University, 1992), pp. 43-52.
"Congress and Nicaragua: The Limits of Alternative Policymaking," coauthored with Philip Brenner, in Divided Democracy: Cooperation and Conflict Between the President and Congress, ed. James A. Thurber (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1990): 219-254. Reprinted in American Government: Readings on Continuity and Change, ed. Robert Harmel (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993), pp. 567-579.
"Regime Illegitimacy and Revolutionary Movements: Central America," in Revolution and Political Change in the Third World, ed. Barry M. Schutz and Robert O. Slater (Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner, 1990): 142-160.
"Human Rights in Latin America and U.S. Security," in Security in the Americas, ed. George Fauriol (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1989): 63-88.
"Nicaragua and the United States: A Long Embrace," Introduction to Nicaragua: Photographs by William Frank Gentile, William Frank Gentile (New York: W.W. Norton, 1988), pp. 15-24.
"The United States, Cuba, and Central America," coauthored with Wayne S. Smith, in Subject to Solution: Problems in Cuban-U.S. Relations, ed. Wayne S. Smith and Esteban Morales Dominguez (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1988): 14-23.
"The Contras and the Congress," in Reagan Versus the Sandinistas, ed. Thomas W. Walker (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987): 202-227.
"Cuba," in Confronting Revolution, ed. Morris Blachman, et al. (New York: Pantheon, 1986): 229-255.
"Grappling with Central America: U.S. Policy from Carter to Reagan," coauthored with Blachman, Sharpe and Bennett, in Confronting Revolution, ed. Morris Blachman, et al. (New York: Pantheon, 1986): 295-328
"Cuba's Policy Toward Central America," in Cuba After the Third Party Congress, Occasional Paper No. 12, ed. Wayne S. Smith. (Washington, D.C.: Johns Hopkins University SAIS, 1986).
"At War with Revolution: U.S. Policy Toward Nicaragua," in Nicaragua: The First Five Years, ed. Thomas W. Walker (New York: Praeger, 1985), pp. 425-446. Reprinted in Nicaragua and the United States, ed. Andrew C. Kimmens (New York: H. W. Wilson, 1987), pp. 37-60.
"El Salvador," in U.S. Foreign Policy: Adjusting to Change in the Third World, ed. Dick Clark (Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 1985), pp. 47-52.
"Central America: Expanding Wars, Elusive Peace," in The Central American Crisis and the Western Alliance, ed. Joseph Cirincione (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1985).
"Central America," in Reporters Under Fire: U.S. Media Coverage of Conflicts in Lebanon and Central America, ed. Landrum R. Bolling (Boulder: Westview, 1985).
"Central America: U.S. Hegemony in Decline," in American Foreign Policy in an Uncertain World, ed. David P. Forsythe (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1984): 369-392.
"United States Policy Options in Central America," in The Future of Central America, eds. Richard R. Fagen and Olga Pellicer (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1983): 99-118.
"Foreign Policy: The Limits of Success," in Cuba: Internal and International Affairs, ed. Jorge I. Dominguez (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1982): 167-192.
"Policy Options for the United States in Central America," in The Central American Crisis, ed. Abraham F. Lowenthal and Samuel F. Welles, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1982): 63-75.
"Cuba in Central America and the Caribbean," in Communism in Central America and the Caribbean, ed. Robert Wesson (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1982): 31-51.
"The United States and the Nicaraguan Revolution," in Nicaragua in Revolution, ed. Thomas W. Walker (New York: Praeger, 1982): 63-78.
"Participation in Cuban Municipal Government," in Political Participation in Communist Systems, ed. Donald E. Shulz and Jan Adams (New York: Pergamon, 1981): 274-293.
"Republic of Cuba," in Marxist Governments: A World Survey, ed. Bogdan Szajkowski (London: Macmillan, 1981): 237-260.
"A Bureaucratic Approach to Civil-Military Relations in Communist Systems," in Comparative Communist Civil-Military Relations, eds. Dale Herspring and Ivan Volgyes (Boulder: Westview, 1979): 201-218. Reprinted in Cuban Communism, 4th edition, ed. Irving Louis Horowitz (New Brunswick: Transaction, 1981): 603-625.
"Mass Participation in Socialist Cuba," in Political Participation in Latin America, eds. John Booth and Mitchell Seligson (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1978): 114-128.
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES
“Small Nations' Last Defense: Those Threatened by U.S. Preemption Seek a Shield in Weapons of Mass Destruction,”Los Angeles Times, February 9, 2003 (with Kenneth Sharpe).
“Fidel’s Swoon and Other News from Havana,” Los Angeles Times, July 15, 2001.
“Cuba: U.S. Policy Is Consistent– but Wrong,” Los Angeles Times, April 22, 2001. Also appeared as “American Policy in Cuba in Need of a Change,” St. Petersburg Times, May 4, 2001.
“Colombia: A Plan, But No Clear Objective,” Washington Post, April 1, 2001 (with Kenneth Sharpe).
“Washington’s Cuba Agenda is Still in Place– For Now,” Report on the Americas 34, no. 3 (November/December 2000): 35-41.
“Colombia: Alliance with a Predator,” Los Angeles Times, September 3, 2000 (with Kenneth Sharpe).
“Colombia: Is the United States Recreating El Salvador?” Los Angeles Times, March 19, 2000 (with Kenneth Sharpe). Also appeared as “Let’s Not Turn Colombia into Another El Salvador,” Houston Chronicle, March 22, 2000; and “U.S. Aid Package Won’t Halt Colombian Civil War,” Newsday, March 29, 2000.
“Central America’s Agony,” The Nation, January 25, 1999, pp. 21-24.
"Cuba Act," Daily Brief (Oxford Analytica), March 13, 1996, pp. 3-5.
"Washington et l'écueil haitien," ["Washington and the Haitian Stumbling-Block"] Le Monde Diplomatique, October 1994 (lead article); reprinted as "Les poids de Washington," ["Washington's Burden"] in Maniere de Voir, No. 25 (February 1995): 41-42.
"Salvador Election Follies," New York Times, May 29, 1993. Also appeared as "Salvadoran Government Manipulates Election Process," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, June 2, 1993.
"A United States View," in Central America After the Crisis, Institute of Latin American Studies Conference Papers (London: University of London, 1993), pp. 22-25.
"U.S. Policy Towards Latin America After the Presidential Elections," Working Paper, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, December 1992.
"Two Strikes, Chamorro Digging In," Los Angeles Times, July 15, 1990.
"Was the Left Wrong About Nicaragua?" Tikkun 5 no. 3 (May-June 1990): 13-15.
"Now, for Peace in El Salvador," New York Times, March 17, 1990.
“An Anachronism, but It Works,” Los Angeles Times, December 28, 1989.
"To Meddle in Managua?" Los Angeles Times, September 7, 1989. Also appeared as "Keep the CIA Out of Nicaragua's Election," Newsday, September 13, 1989.
"How to Dispose of the Contras," New York Times, August 9, 1989.
"Resist the Temptation to Rig Nicaraguan Vote," Los Angeles Times, April 2, 1989.
"Cuba and the Democrats: A Party Divided and Paralyzed," The Nation, October 24, 1988, pp. 395-397.
"The Pledge Issue is No Joke," Los Angeles Times, September 2, 1988.
"Nicaragua and the United States Under Ronald Reagan," International Development Studies Bulletin (University of Sussex, United Kingdom) 19, No. 3 (July 1988): 12-17.
"El Salvador: Will Democracy Die with Duarte?" Newsday, June 29, 1988.
"Going for Another Encore, Washington Hardly Notices Nicaraguans Stealing the Show," Los Angeles Times, March 29, 1988.
"Moderates May Now Feel Contra Aid Heat," Los Angeles Times, March 8, 1988.
"How to Prevent Endless War in Central America," New York Times, December 18, 1987.
"Cut Off Contra Aid," Newsday, March 8, 1987.
"Central America: Counterinsurgency Revisited," Report on the Americas 21, no. 1 (January-February 1987): 2-5.
"Iran and the Contras: Expertise vs. Wishful Thinking," Christian Science Monitor, January 20, 1987, coauthored with James Lobe.
“And Now: Lame Duck Presidency,” Dallas Times Herald, December 27, 1986.
"Contras Have Probably Lost Congress," Los Angeles Times, December 2, 1986.
"Debate on Nicaragua," Tikkun, No. 2 (Winter 1986).
"What is Our Policy in Nicaragua?" Los Angeles Times, August 8, 1986 (with Kenneth E. Sharpe).
"Congress and the Contras," Los Angeles Times, March 9, 1986.
"The United States and Latin America," Current History, January 1986, pp. 1-4, 40-42.
"U.S. Ideology and Foreign Policy in Central America," in East-West Tension/ North-South Conflict (New York: Riverside Church Disarmament Program, 1985): 58-61.
"United States Security and the Caribbean Basin," NATO's Sixteen Nations 29, No. 7 (Nov.-Dec. 1984): 14-16.
"Can the U.S. Live with Latin Revolution?" (roundtable), Harper's, June 1984, pp. 35-48.
"Ploys the Administration May Use to Aid Contras," Los Angeles Times, April 17, 1984.
"Sloughing Toward The Quagmire," The Nation, January 28, 1984, pp. 7276.
"Kissinger Panel Is Tailor-Made for Reagan," Newsday, July 28, 1983.
"Salvador's No Domino," New York Times, March 9, 1983. Also appeared as "The Fallacy of the Domino Theory," Miami Herald, March 13, 1983.
"On Central America," New York Times, November 18, 1982.
"Cuban Issue Binds U.S. in Namibia," New York Times, July 29, 1982.
"An Error on El Salvador," New York Times, March 7, 1982, coauthored with Robert Manning. Reprinted in Congressional Record, March 9, 1982.
"Getting Cuba," New York Times, November 17, 1981.
"Return to Globalism: Reagan's Counter-Revolution in Foreign Policy," New Catholic World, September-October 1981: 217-220.
"El Salvador: Vietnam, Take Two," Miami Herald, March 1, 1981.
"The Bloodbath Beckons: El Salvador's Tailspin," New Republic, December 20, 1980, pp. 21-23.